Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation

Morgan Young Speirs; Carman Iannicello

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11

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Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation

Morgan Young Speirs, Carman Iannicello

Published in International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (Volume 8, Issue 5)

Received: 21 September 2022 Accepted: 20 October 2022 Published: 10 November 2022

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Abstract

Popliteal entrapment syndrome occurs when the popliteal artery is compressed due to the anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or position of adjacent muscle. The popliteal artery normally enters the popliteal fossa by passing under the semimembranosus muscle, traveling obliquely through the fossa and exiting between the gastrocnemius heads. Variations in embryological development can result in an anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or adjacent muscles in turn causing arterial compression. Popliteal entrapment syndrome is a rare entity with the incidence rate reported at 0.16%. As such, while there is a significant body of literature surrounding popliteal entrapment syndrome, given its rarity and differing definitions of the causative anatomical pathology, the quality of evidence is poor. This case highlights a unique pathognomonic finding of a wide separation of the popliteal artery and vein caused by an aberrant slip of the gastrocnemius muscle on ultrasound and MRI; a finding which should alert clinicians to the diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome is typically made based on radiological and clinical findings. MRI allows for visualization of the anatomical variation underlying the entrapment. Recognition and correct diagnosis are particularly important for surgical planning, and preventing progression to thrombosis, embolization and/or aneurysmal degradation of the vessel.

Published in	International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11
Page(s)	55-58
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vascular Surgery, Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome, Radiology, Case-Study

References

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[2]	Tercan F, Oguzkurt L, Kizilkiliç O, Yeniocak A, Gülcan Ö. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. 2005; 11 (4): 222.
[3]	Gokkus K, Sagtas E, Bakalim T, Taskaya E, Aydin AT. Popliteal entrapment syndrome. A systematic review of the literature and case presentation. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014; 4 (2): 141-8.
[4]	Gibson M, Mills J, Johnson G, Downs A. Popliteal entrapment syndrome. Annals of surgery. 1977; 185 (3): 341.
[5]	Bouhoutsos J, Daskalakis E. Muscular abnormalities affecting the popliteal vessels. Journal of British Surgery. 1981; 68 (7): 501-6.
[6]	Sinha S, Houghton J, Holt PJ, Thompson MM, Loftus IM, Hinchliffe RJ. Popliteal entrapment syndrome. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2012; 55 (1): 252-62. e30.
[7]	Nichols JS, Ashford RU. Surgical anatomy & pathology of the popliteal fossa. Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2013; 27 (2): 113-7.
[8]	Love JW, Whelan TJ. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. The American Journal of Surgery. 1965; 109 (5): 620-4.
[9]	Rich NM, Hughes CW. Popliteal artery and vein entrapment. The American Journal of Surgery. 1967; 113 (5): 696-8.
[10]	Di Marzo L, Cavallaro A. Popliteal vascular entrapment. World journal of surgery. 2005; 29 (S1): S43-S5.
[11]	Bradshaw S, Habibollahi P, Soni J, Kolber M, Pillai AK. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2021; 11 (5): 1159-67.
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[14]	Hai Z, Guangrui S, Yuan Z, Zhuodong X, Cheng L, Jingmin L, et al. CT Angiography and MRI in Patients with Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2008; 191 (6): 1760-6.
[15]	Grimm NL, Danilkowicz R, Shortell C, Toth AP. Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome. JBJS Reviews. 2020; 8 (1): e0035.

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APA Style

Morgan Young Speirs, Carman Iannicello. (2022). Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation. International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 8(5), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11

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ACS Style

Morgan Young Speirs; Carman Iannicello. Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2022, 8(5), 55-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11

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AMA Style

Morgan Young Speirs, Carman Iannicello. Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation. Int J Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2022;8(5):55-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11,
  author = {Morgan Young Speirs and Carman Iannicello},
  title = {Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation},
  journal = {International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {55-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcts.20220805.11},
  abstract = {Popliteal entrapment syndrome occurs when the popliteal artery is compressed due to the anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or position of adjacent muscle. The popliteal artery normally enters the popliteal fossa by passing under the semimembranosus muscle, traveling obliquely through the fossa and exiting between the gastrocnemius heads. Variations in embryological development can result in an anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or adjacent muscles in turn causing arterial compression. Popliteal entrapment syndrome is a rare entity with the incidence rate reported at 0.16%. As such, while there is a significant body of literature surrounding popliteal entrapment syndrome, given its rarity and differing definitions of the causative anatomical pathology, the quality of evidence is poor. This case highlights a unique pathognomonic finding of a wide separation of the popliteal artery and vein caused by an aberrant slip of the gastrocnemius muscle on ultrasound and MRI; a finding which should alert clinicians to the diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome is typically made based on radiological and clinical findings. MRI allows for visualization of the anatomical variation underlying the entrapment. Recognition and correct diagnosis are particularly important for surgical planning, and preventing progression to thrombosis, embolization and/or aneurysmal degradation of the vessel.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation
AU  - Morgan Young Speirs
AU  - Carman Iannicello
Y1  - 2022/11/10
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11
T2  - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
JF  - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
JO  - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
SP  - 55
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4882
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11
AB  - Popliteal entrapment syndrome occurs when the popliteal artery is compressed due to the anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or position of adjacent muscle. The popliteal artery normally enters the popliteal fossa by passing under the semimembranosus muscle, traveling obliquely through the fossa and exiting between the gastrocnemius heads. Variations in embryological development can result in an anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or adjacent muscles in turn causing arterial compression. Popliteal entrapment syndrome is a rare entity with the incidence rate reported at 0.16%. As such, while there is a significant body of literature surrounding popliteal entrapment syndrome, given its rarity and differing definitions of the causative anatomical pathology, the quality of evidence is poor. This case highlights a unique pathognomonic finding of a wide separation of the popliteal artery and vein caused by an aberrant slip of the gastrocnemius muscle on ultrasound and MRI; a finding which should alert clinicians to the diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome is typically made based on radiological and clinical findings. MRI allows for visualization of the anatomical variation underlying the entrapment. Recognition and correct diagnosis are particularly important for surgical planning, and preventing progression to thrombosis, embolization and/or aneurysmal degradation of the vessel.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Morgan Young Speirs

Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Carman Iannicello

Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ouellette Campus, Windsor, Canada

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APA Style

Morgan Young Speirs, Carman Iannicello. (2022). Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation. International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, 8(5), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11

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ACS Style

Morgan Young Speirs; Carman Iannicello. Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2022, 8(5), 55-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11

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AMA Style

Morgan Young Speirs, Carman Iannicello. Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation. Int J Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2022;8(5):55-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11,
  author = {Morgan Young Speirs and Carman Iannicello},
  title = {Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation},
  journal = {International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {55-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcts.20220805.11},
  abstract = {Popliteal entrapment syndrome occurs when the popliteal artery is compressed due to the anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or position of adjacent muscle. The popliteal artery normally enters the popliteal fossa by passing under the semimembranosus muscle, traveling obliquely through the fossa and exiting between the gastrocnemius heads. Variations in embryological development can result in an anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or adjacent muscles in turn causing arterial compression. Popliteal entrapment syndrome is a rare entity with the incidence rate reported at 0.16%. As such, while there is a significant body of literature surrounding popliteal entrapment syndrome, given its rarity and differing definitions of the causative anatomical pathology, the quality of evidence is poor. This case highlights a unique pathognomonic finding of a wide separation of the popliteal artery and vein caused by an aberrant slip of the gastrocnemius muscle on ultrasound and MRI; a finding which should alert clinicians to the diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome is typically made based on radiological and clinical findings. MRI allows for visualization of the anatomical variation underlying the entrapment. Recognition and correct diagnosis are particularly important for surgical planning, and preventing progression to thrombosis, embolization and/or aneurysmal degradation of the vessel.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Radiologic Demonstration of Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome with Surgical Correlation
AU  - Morgan Young Speirs
AU  - Carman Iannicello
Y1  - 2022/11/10
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11
T2  - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
JF  - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
JO  - International Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
SP  - 55
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4882
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcts.20220805.11
AB  - Popliteal entrapment syndrome occurs when the popliteal artery is compressed due to the anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or position of adjacent muscle. The popliteal artery normally enters the popliteal fossa by passing under the semimembranosus muscle, traveling obliquely through the fossa and exiting between the gastrocnemius heads. Variations in embryological development can result in an anomalous course of the popliteal artery and/or adjacent muscles in turn causing arterial compression. Popliteal entrapment syndrome is a rare entity with the incidence rate reported at 0.16%. As such, while there is a significant body of literature surrounding popliteal entrapment syndrome, given its rarity and differing definitions of the causative anatomical pathology, the quality of evidence is poor. This case highlights a unique pathognomonic finding of a wide separation of the popliteal artery and vein caused by an aberrant slip of the gastrocnemius muscle on ultrasound and MRI; a finding which should alert clinicians to the diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Diagnosis of popliteal entrapment syndrome is typically made based on radiological and clinical findings. MRI allows for visualization of the anatomical variation underlying the entrapment. Recognition and correct diagnosis are particularly important for surgical planning, and preventing progression to thrombosis, embolization and/or aneurysmal degradation of the vessel.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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